🔤 Phonics & Alphabet
- Alphabet – Letters A to Z – recognising all 26 letters in capital and small forms; matching uppercase to lowercase; correct letter strokes; alphabetical order
- Phonics – Letter Sounds – each letter's sound; short vowel sounds: a (apple), e (egg), i (igloo), o (orange), u (umbrella); consonant sounds; identifying beginning sounds of simple words
- Blending and CVC Words – blending consonant-vowel-consonant words: cat, dog, sit, hop, run, pin, mud; segmenting 3-letter words; identifying beginning, middle, and end sounds
- Vowels and Consonants – identifying the 5 vowels (A, E, I, O, U) and all other letters as consonants; words starting with vowels vs consonants; sorting letters
- Rhyming Words – recognising rhyming pairs: cat-hat, dog-log, sun-fun, tree-bee; completing rhyming patterns; identifying rhyming words in nursery rhymes
- Digraphs (Introduction) – two letters that make one sound: sh (ship), ch (chair), th (three); recognising digraphs in simple words
📖 Reading Skills
- Reading CVC Words – reading simple 3-letter words independently; matching words to pictures; reading word cards
- Sight Words / High-Frequency Words – memorising and reading: I, am, is, a, an, the, and, in, on, at, it, to, do, go, he, she, we, they, my, your, his, her, this, that, with, have, has, was, are, see, can, will, come, said, like, big, little, one, two, three
- Reading Simple Sentences – reading 3–5 word sentences: 'A cat sat on a mat.', 'The dog ran fast.'; matching sentences to pictures; understanding who, what, where
- Short Passages and Stories – reading very short passages (3–4 sentences); answering simple questions; identifying the main character and setting
- Poems and Rhymes – reading and reciting simple poems; identifying rhyming words; understanding the mood (happy/sad/funny) of a poem
✏️ Grammar & Language
- Nouns – Naming Words – common nouns: people (boy, girl, teacher, doctor), places (school, market, park), animals (dog, cat, bird), things (table, book, ball)
- Pronouns (Introduction) – he, she, it, they, I, we, you; using 'he' for a boy/man, 'she' for a girl/woman, 'it' for objects and animals; replacing a noun with a pronoun
- Verbs – Action Words – simple action verbs: run, jump, eat, sleep, play, read, write, draw, sing, dance, swim; matching actions to pictures; using verbs in simple sentences
- Adjectives – Describing Words – big/small, tall/short, hot/cold, fast/slow, happy/sad, red/blue/green; using adjectives before nouns in simple sentences
- Singular and Plural (Basic) – adding -s to make simple plurals: cat→cats, dog→dogs, book→books; easy irregular plurals: man→men, child→children
- Capital Letters and Full Stop – capital letters at the start of a sentence and for names; full stop (.) for telling sentences; question mark (?) for questions
- Simple Sentences – Structure – Subject + Verb + Object: 'The dog eats food'; building sentences from given words; arranging jumbled words into a correct sentence
- Articles – a / an / the – 'a' before consonant sounds; 'an' before vowel sounds; 'the' for specific things; basic exposure: a cat, an apple, the sun
✍️ Writing Skills
- Letter Writing (Handwriting) – correct formation of all 26 uppercase and lowercase letters; proper pencil grip; letters sitting on the line; uniform size and spacing
- Word Writing – copying and writing simple 3–5 letter words correctly; labelling pictures with the correct word; filling blanks in simple sentences
- Sentence Writing – writing simple sentences from a picture prompt; completing half-sentences; writing one or two sentences about a familiar topic (my pet, my school, my family)
- Dictation – spelling simple CVC words and common sight words; listening and writing words correctly; identifying and correcting simple spelling mistakes
- Picture Description (Oral) – talking about a picture: what you see, who is in it, what they are doing; building oral vocabulary; developing speaking confidence
