✏️ Grammar & Language
- Nouns – common, proper, collective; singular & plural; regular & irregular plurals (child→children, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice)
- Pronouns – personal pronouns; possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs); using pronouns to avoid repetition
- Adjectives – quality, quantity, number; degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, superlative (big→bigger→biggest)
- Verbs – action verbs, being verbs (am, is, are, was, were); helping verbs (has, have, had, will, shall, can, could, may, might)
- Adverbs – adverbs of time, place, and manner; forming adverbs from adjectives (quick→quickly)
- Prepositions – in, on, at, under, over, between, beside, behind, in front of, near; prepositions of time and place
- Conjunctions – coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, so, yet; joining two simple sentences into one compound sentence
- Tenses – Simple Present, Simple Past, Simple Future; Present Continuous; negative & interrogative sentences; irregular verbs (go→went, eat→ate)
- Sentences – declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory; subject & predicate; simple & compound sentences
- Punctuation – capital letters, full stop, question mark, exclamation mark, comma, apostrophe (contraction & possession); inverted commas for direct speech
- Articles – definite (the) and indefinite (a, an); rules for choosing a or an; when not to use articles
- Synonyms & Antonyms – common synonyms (big–large, happy–glad) and antonyms (hot–cold, quick–slow) at Class 4 level
- Homophones & Confusables – their/there/they're; its/it's; to/too/two; here/hear; see/sea; by/buy/bye
- Prefixes & Suffixes – prefixes: un-, dis-, re-, mis-, pre-; suffixes: -ful, -less, -ness, -er, -est, -ly, -ing; forming derived words
📖 Reading Comprehension
- Prose Passages – short factual and narrative passages; answering literal questions (who, what, when, where)
- Poetry & Rhymes – understanding simple poems; identifying rhyme scheme; feelings expressed in a poem
- Vocabulary in Context – meaning of underlined/bolded words from context; matching words to definitions
- Title & Main Idea – identifying the main idea of a paragraph; choosing the best title; sequencing events in a story
✍️ Writing Skills
- Sentence Writing – expanding sentences using adjectives and adverbs; joining sentences with conjunctions
- Paragraph Writing – topic sentence and 3–4 supporting sentences on a given topic
- Story Writing – completing a story from a given beginning or picture prompt; using time connectors (first, then, next, finally)
- Letter Writing – informal letter (to a friend or relative): address, date, salutation, body, closing; formal letter (to school principal)
- Notice & Message Writing – filling in a simple message form; writing a brief school notice
- Comprehension-Based Writing – answering questions in complete sentences; rewriting sentences (changing tense, voice, speech – intro level)
