Class 8 — Formal proof, weighted optimisation, and abstract reasoning

Construct and verify multi-step logical proofs, applying modus ponens, modus tollens, and proof by contradiction.

Assign weights to criteria, calculate weighted scores, identify Pareto-efficient options, and perform sensitivity analysis.

Master and classify over 10 logical fallacies, and construct and evaluate full arguments for quality.

Build formal causal maps with signed arrows, identify leverage points, and predict unintended consequences.

Solve matrix reasoning, analogical reasoning, and rule induction, including second-order pattern changes.